Table 1. Effect of PEF on the tenderization of different muscles, with little effects observed

Meat materials PEF condition Sample status Findings References
Semimembranosus (beef) 20 μs, 90 Hz, 0.36 kV/cm20 μs, 20 Hz, 0.60 kV/cmThe treatment time or number of pulses were not provided Post-rigor, sample size was trimmed fitted in the batch chamber (13×8×5 cm), direct contact with the electrodes No significant reduction in shear force Bhat et al. (2019a)
Longissimus et lumborum (beef) 20 μs, 200 Hz, 0.23 kV/cm20 μs, 200 Hz, 0.68 kV/cmTotal treatment time: 30 s Post-rigor, sample size was trimmed fitted in the batch chamber (13×8×5 cm), direct contact with the electrodes No significant reduction in shear force Khan et al. (2017)
Semitendinosus (beef) 20 μs, 50 Hz, 1.40 kV/cm, 1,032 pulses Post-rigor, sample size was trimmed fitted in a triangular batch chamber (6×4×6 cm), direct contact the electrodes No significant reduction in shear force Faridnia et al. (2015)
Breast meat (turkey) 20 μs, 10 to 110 Hz, 1.25 to 2.0 kV/cm, 100 to 300 pulses Post-rigor, sample size was trimmed to 6×2×2 cm, Direct contact with the electrodes No significant reduction in shear force Arroyo et al. (2015a)
Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (beef) 20 μs, 10 Hz, 1.40 kV/cm, 300 and 600 pulses Post-rigor, sample size was trimmed to 6×2×2 cm, direct contact with the electrodes No significant reduction in shear force Arroyo et al. (2015b)
Longissimus thoracis (beef) 20 μs, 1 to 50 Hz, 0.20 to 0.56 kV/cm, 30 to 1,528 pulses Post-rigor, sample size was trimmed to 10×8×4 cm, direct contact with the electrodes No significant reduction in shear force Faridnia et al. (2014)
Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (pork) 20 μs, 100 and 200 Hz, 1.20 and 2.30 kV/cm, 150 and 300 pulses Post-rigor, sample size was trimmed to 6×2×2 cm, direct contact with the electrodes No significant reduction in hardness and chewiness McDonnell et al. (2014)
Semitendinosus (beef) 20 μs, 152 Hz, 1.10 kV/cm, 152 pulses20 μs, 200 Hz, 1.50 kV/cm, 200 pulses20 μs, 65 Hz, 1.90 kV/cm, 250 pulses20 μs, 5 Hz, 2.80 kV/cm, 300 pulses Post-rigor, sample size was trimmed to 6×2×2 cm, direct contact with the electrodes No significant reduction in shear force O’Dowd et al. (2013)
PEF, pulsed electric field.