Table 7. Volatile compounds in fermented hams as affected by starter cultures and ripening time

Volatile compounds	μg/kg

	Batches¹		Ripening time (d)

	A	B	0	7	14	21
hydrazine	78.6	88.9	51.5^c	77.8^b	104^a	102^ab
ethanol	1397	1579	886^b	1265^ab	1723^ab	2078^a
carbon disulfide	19.0	22.3	t²	19.9	44.6	18.2
(3-methyl-oxiran-2-yl)-methanol	18.0^a	7.93^b	24.4	11.2	8.58	7.65
(2R,3R)-(2-2H1)-1,3-butanediol	25.2	35.8	t	33.6	66.1	22.2
2-nitro-ethanol	61.5	46.8	36.1	42.3	61.3	76.9
acetic acid, ethyl ester	459	538	t^c	315^b	978^a	702^a
1,2-hydrazinedicarboxaldehyde	2.92	1.53	2.45	1.79	1.84	2.81
acetic acid	4.55	5.01	0.93^b	4.75^a	6.40^a	7.05^a
oxo-acetic acid	0.36	0.43	1.59^a	t^b	t^b	t^b
1-hydroxy-2-propanone	31.6	31.0	35.7	43.7	32.6	13.3
2-butanamine	1.78	2.33	2.09	1.05	1.78	3.30
propanoic acid, ethyl ester	22.4^a	4.11^b	4.87	20.6	17.4	10.1
butanoic acid, methyl ester	29.7	19.8	18.9	16.8	32.7	30.7
ethoxy[oxo]acetic acid	2.29	1.35	0.18	2.01	2.82	2.28
3-methoxy-1,2-propanediol	0.58	0.61	t^b	t^b	0.91^a	1.46^a
toluene	18.8	18.9	27.3	22.3	16.1	9.61
1-hydroxy-2-butanone	39.9	48.5	34.2	44.3	56.9	41.7
pentanal	5.94	6.30	0.23	5.56	9.17	9.51
hexanal	63.2	69.2	3.15^b	52.9^ab	84.6^a	124^a
butanoic acid, ethyl ester	2.06	2.18	t	1.03	2.64	4.80
3-furfural	2.20	2.78	9.96^a	t^b	t^b	t^b
pentanoic acid, methyl ester	5.41	4.24	t^b	2.76^b	7.92^a	8.61^a
2-furfural	311	302	1053^a	99.0^b	43.5^b	31.5^b
2-(hydroxymethyl)furan	25.2	30.1	70.4^a	27.0^b	9.77^b	3.30^b
1-(acetyloxy)-2-propanone	2.59	2.53	10.2^a	t^b	t^b	t^b
pentanoic acid, ethyl ester	2.29	2.57	0.37	1.91	2.32	5.11
2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one	2.19	1.97	1.10	1.49	2.42	3.30
1-(2-furanyl)-ethanone	1.07	1.02	t^b	0.26^b	1.28^ab	2.65^a
2,5-hexanedione	1.07	1.07	3.52^a	0.76^b	t^b	t^b
2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene	0.82	0.89	3.41^a	t^b	t^b	t^b
5-methyl-(5H)-furan-2-one	3.82	5.20	18.0^a	t^b	t^b	t^b
3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one	2.77	2.90	t^c	2.08^bc	3.10^b	6.15^a
1-methoxy-1,3-cyclohexadiene	2.41	2.86	10.6^a	t^b	t^b	t^b
5-methyl-2-furfural	27.1	31.5	108^a	6.34^b	1.52^b	1.12^b
3-methyl-5H-furan-2-one	12.1	14.2	18.9	15.2	11.2	7.14
phenol	12.0	11.2	16.7	12.4	9.53	7.83
delta-3-carene	1.97	1.68	t^b	2.33^a	2.53^a	2.43^a
2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one	9.42	10.1	2.39^b	6.85^b	9.52^b	20.2^a
3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one	2.14	1.16	2.01	1.25	2.20	1.15
2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-heptane	3.41	3.67	0.50^b	2.22^b	3.27^b	8.17^a
2,4,6-trimethyl-octane	7.78	8.65	0.33^c	7.44^bc	8.96^ab	16.1^a
2,3-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one	3.11	3.18	t^b	2.20^b	3.31^ab	7.07^a
1-methoxy-1,3-cyclohexadiene	10.8	12.5	19.0^a	9.64^b	10.4^b	7.59^b
2-methyl-phenol	2.38	2.63	7.06^a	1.89^b	0.50^b	0.57^b
3,6-dimethyl-undecane	9.97	10.9	t^b	7.81^b	9.68^b	24.3^a
4,8-dimethyl-undecane	7.87	8.08	t^b	5.12^b	7.97^b	18.8^a
4-methyl-phenol	6.49	7.98	11.6	6.58	5.66	5.14
1-cyclohexen-1-al	8.64	7.64	0.32^b	4.43^b	8.29^b	19.5^a
2-methoxy-phenol	47.4	57.5	77.9	55.6	47.6	28.7
nonanal	3.91	4.61	2.42	3.56	4.79	6.27
2,5-dimethyl-phenol	0.95	1.09	t	0.38	0.79	2.90
2,6-dimethyl-4H-pyran-4-one	0.22	0.47	1.38^a	t^b	t^b	t^b
2-methoxy-4-methyl-phenol	3.18	2.81	5.36	2.37	2.81	1.44
E,Z-3-methyl-2,4-hexadiene	1.19	2.06	0.72	2.24	1.96	1.57
3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde	0.88	1.65	0.84	1.78	1.26	1.20
trans-caryophyllene	7.23	7.56	4.33	13.0	7.22	5.05
2-methoxy-4-nitro-phenol	3.74	5.15	4.40	4.81	4.39	4.18