Table 1. Formulations of Tteokgalbi with black rice bran and different types of organic acid (Unit: %)

Ingredients	Treatments1
	Control (−)	Control (+)	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
Beef meat	80	80	80	80	80	80	80
Back fat	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Ice water	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Salt	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Phosphate	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Soy sauce	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
Sugar	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pepper	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Onion powder	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Garlic powder	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ginger powder	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sesame oil	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Isolated soy protein	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Caramel colorant	-	1.0	-	-	-	-	-
Black rice bran	-	-	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ascorbic acid	-	-	-	0.1	-	-	-
Citric acid	-	-	-	-	0.1	-	-
Tartaric acid	-	-	-	-	-	0.1	-
Maleic acid	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.1