Table 8 Interaction effects of NaCl concentration and cooking temperature on cooking yield, total pigments in cooked ground chicken breasts
Cooking temperatures1,2 | Dependent variables |
Cooking yield (%) | Total pigments (ppm) |
0%NaCl | 1%NaCl | 2%NaCl | 3%NaCl | (SE) | 0%NaCl | 1%NaCl | 2%NaCl | 3%NaCl | (SE) |
70°C | 93.2Ay | 98.1Ax | 98.5Ax | 98.5Ax | (0.55) | 14.96B | 14.85 | 15.02 | 14.22 | (0.29) |
75°C | 91.6By | 97.6Ax | 97.9ABx | 98.8Ax | (0.55) | 14.90B | 14.62 | 14.62 | 14.62 | (0.29) |
80°C | 88.4Cy | 96.8ABx | 96.7Bx | 98.1Ax | (0.55) | 15.98Ax | 14.34y | 14.22y | 14.56y | (0.29) |
85°C | 84.7Dy | 95.3Bx | 96.5Bx | 96.2Bx | (0.55) | 16.26Ax | 14.05y | 14.56y | 14.11y | (0.29) |
(SE) | (0.55) | (0.55) | (0.55) | (0.55) | | (0.29) | (0.29) | (0.29) | (0.29) | |
1 NaCl concentration: all raw ground meat were salted (0, 1, 2, and 3% NaCl, respectively) and stored for 7 d before being cooked.
2 Cooking temperature: samples were cooked to an internal temperature of 70, 75, 80, and 85°C, respectively, in a 90°C water bath.
A-D Means within a column with different superscript letters are significantly different (p<0.05).
x-y Means within a row with different superscript letters are significantly different (p<0.05).
SE, standard error.