Table 2 Histopathological effects of foot-and-mouth disease vaccination on pork

Variables¹⁾	N-Neck	N-Ham	Non-Neck
Histopathology, n (%)	57/71 (80.3)^a	16/70 (22.9)^b	114/135 (84.4)^a
Vaccine remaining	15 (21.1)^a	3 (4.3)^b	31(23.0)^a
Abscess	7 (9.9)^a	1 (1.4)^b	15 (11.1)^a
Granuloma	17 (23.9)^a	5 (7.1)^b	35 (25.9)^a
Fibrosis	18 (25.4)^a	7 (10.0)^b	33 (24.4)^a

¹⁾ Vaccine was administered on the left side of the pig, either with a conventional needle-syringe or a needle-free injection device at 56 d of age.
^a-c Means with different superscript letters in the same row differ significantly (p<0.05).
N-Neck, conventional needle-syringe vaccination into the neck (n=71); N-Ham, conventional needle-syringe vaccination into the ham (n=70); Non-Neck, conventional needle-free jet injection vaccination into the neck (n=135).