Table 2. Simulation model and formulas in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet used to estimate the risk of Campylobacter jejuni in ground meat products with @RISK

Input model Unit Variable Formula References
Product
Campylobacter jejuni contamination
  Prevalence PR =RiskBeta (1,225) This research; Vose (1998)
  Initial contamination level CFU/g Ci =–LN (1–PR)/25 Sanaa et al. (2004)
Log CFU/g IC =Log (Ci)
Market
 Market storage
  Time h Mark-timest =RiskPert (0, 72, 120) Personal communication1)
  Temperature °C Mark-Tempst =RiskPert (−23.6, −18.8, −14) Kim (2002)
 Survival
  Delta δ =1/{0.0298+(−0.0092×Mark-Tempst)+(0.0007×Mark-Tempst2)} This research;Davey (1991)
  ρ ρ =1/{0.7629+(−0.0067×Mark-Tempst)+(0.0017×Mark-Tempst2)} This research;Davey (1991)
  C. jejuni survival Log CFU/g C1 =IC–{(Mark-timest/δ)ρ} Mafart et al. (2002)
 Market display
  Time h Mark-timedis =RiskPert (0, 36, 168) Personal communication
  Temperature °C Mark-Tempdis =RiskPert (−23.6, −18.8, −14) Kim (2002)
 Survival
  Delta δ =1/{0.0298+(−0.0092×Mark-Tempdis)+(0.0007×Mark-Tempdis2)} This research;Davey (1991)
  ρ ρ =1/{0.7629+(−0.0067×Mark-Tempdis)+(0.0017×Mark-Tempdis2)} This research;Davey (1991)
  C. jejuni survival Log CFU/g C2 =C1–{(Mark–timedis/δ)ρ} Mafart et al. (2002)
Transportation (vehicle)
 Transportation from market to home
  Time h Timetrans =RiskPert (0.325, 0.984, 1.643) Jung (2011)
  Temperature °C Temptrans =RiskPert (10, 18, 25) Jung (2011)
 Survival
  Delta δ =1/{0.0298+(−0.0092× Temptrans)+(0.0007× Temptrans 2)} This research;Davey (1991)
  ρ ρ =1/{0.7629+(−0.0067× Temptrans)+(0.0017× Temptrans 2)} This research;Davey (1991)
  C. jejuni survival Log CFU/g C3 =C2–{(Timetrans/δ)ρ} Mafart et al. (2002)
Consumption
 Average consumption amount g/day Consum =RiskExpon (28.262, RiskShift (−0.018841)) This research
 Consumption frequency %/day ConFre Fixed 6.98 This research
 Consumption pattern CF(0) =1–(6.98/100) This research
CF(1) =6.98/100 This research
CF =RiskDiscrete ({0, 1}, {CF(0), CF(1)}) This research
Amount =IF (CF=0, 0, Consum) This research
Dose-response
C. jejuni amount D =10C3×Amount Medema et al. (1996), Teunis and Havelaar (2000)
 Parameters α Fixed 0.145 Medema et al. (1996), Teunis and Havelaar (2000)
β Fixed 7.59 Medema et al. (1996), Teunis and Havelaar (2000)
 Probability of infection by one ingested C. jejuni p1 =RiskBeta (α, β) Nauta et al. (2007)
 Probability of infection Pinf (D) =1–(1– p1)D Nauta et al. (2007)
 Probability of illness given infection Pill|inf Fixed 0.33 Havelaar et al. (2000)
Risk
 Probability of illness /person/day Risk = Pinf (D)×Pill|inf Nauta et al. (2007)
1) Personal communication with merchants at market.