Table 1. Carbohydrate profiles of GOS-enriched skim milk (GSM)

Carbohydrate¹⁾ (g/100 g)	Reaction time
Carbohydrate¹⁾ (g/100 g)	0 h	1 h	2 h	3 h	4 h	5 h
Galactose	ND	1.86±0.034^c	1.96±0.021^a	1.94±0.065^ab	1.96±0.008^a	1.89±0.028^bc
Glucose	ND	2.19±0.042^a	2.19±0.026^a	2.18±0.063^ab	2.17±0.009^ab	2.12±0.020^b
Lactose	4.35±0.016^a	0.08±0.001^b	0.03±0.0002^c	0.03±0.0003^c	ND	ND
6-Galactobiose	ND	0.18±0.001^a	0.08±0.002^b	0.04±0.0003^c	0.03±0.001^d	0.03±0.001^d
Allolactose	ND	0.17±0.003^a	0.06±0.0004^b	0.04±0.001^d	0.04±0.004^c	0.05±0.002^c
4-Galactobiose	ND	0.08±0.001^a	0.05±0.001^b	0.04±0.001^c	0.04±0.001^d	0.04±0.0005^e
6-Galactosyllactose	ND	0.23±0.004^a	0.11±0.001^b	0.05±0.002^c	0.04±0.0004^d	0.03±0.001^d
3-Galactosylglucose	ND	0.04±0.001^a	0.03±0.0002^b	0.03±0.0003^c	0.03±0.001^d	0.03±0.0004^d
Sub-total (GOS)	ND	0.71±0.010^a	0.34±0.000^b	0.20±0.002^c	0.19±0.006^d	0.18±0.004^d
Total carbohydrates	4.35±0.016^c	4.84±0.086^a	4.52±0.047^b	4.35±0.125^c	4.32±0.023^c	4.20±0.049^d

The results are indicated as the mean±SD (n=3).
Different letters represent significant differences among each groups, statistically (p<0.05).
Carbohydrate: GOS, galacto-oligosaccharides.
ND, not detected.