Table 3. Electrical energy consumption of FD and different IRAFD trials for dried Protaetia brevitarsis larva

Methods	Vacuum pump (×103 kJ)	Condenser (×103 kJ)	IR lamp (kJ)	Total (×103 kJ)
FD	43.5±1.4a	70.3±2.2a	-	113.8±3.5a
Continuous IRAFD-5.0 kW/m2	3.8±0.1e	5.9±0.2e	5.1±0.2a	9.7±0.6e
IRAFD-5.0 kW/m2 at 10% WR	10.9±0.4d	18.8±0.8d	1.7±0.1b	29.7±1.2d
IRAFD-5.0 kW/m2 at 20% WR	16.9±0.5c	27.1±0.8c	1.2±0.1c	44.1±1.2c
IRAFD-5.0 kW/m2 at 30% WR	19.3±0.8b	30.9±1.2b	1.3±0.1c	50.2±2.0b

Means (±SD) with a different letter in the same column are significantly different at p<0.05.
FD, freeze-drying; IRAFD, infrared assisted freeze-drying; WR, weight reduction.