Table 2. Total amino acid profile of white-spotted flower chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis) larvae produced from commercial insect farms in Korea

Traits (μg/g dry matter)	Farm A¹⁾	Farm B	Farm C	Farm D	Farm E	p-value
Valine²⁾	220.32±57.10	243.62±46.91	189.28±16.52	186.54±24.09	197.52±16.44	NS⁴⁾
Isoleucine²⁾	125.73±38.63	147.08±29.35	102.92±9.82	106.73±14.76	119.95±10.10	NS
Leucine²⁾	328.50±102.99	403.43±84.82	278.30±27.62	278.73±42.92	314.24±27.08	NS
Lysine²⁾	359.65±122.29	445.47±92.75	312.05±29.17	327.56±60.59	344.15±31.10	NS
Threonine²⁾	208.63±60.23	249.79±50.11	186.08±19.77	179.26±29.74	203.85±17.93	NS
Phenylalanine²⁾	661.59±200.32^ab	886.77±195.66^a	488.94±53.35^b	516.87±71.57^b	578.26±34.88^b	0.027
Methionine²⁾	60.93±15.36^b	113.34±16.91^a	93.19±8.19^a	94.61±11.53^a	97.66±8.69^a	0.006
Histidine³⁾	237.24±79.54	292.15±56.70	205.03±16.68	194.30±39.64	197.57±16.05	NS
Tyrosine	498.54±153.67	747.59±158.79	591.54±47.69	448.67±78.53	648.08±72.68	NS
Argnine	299.77±87.58	332.07±71.69	217.46±20.52	222.89±35.36	221.50±79.81	NS
Aspartic acid	551.68±162.93	669.52±142.97	460.67±48.02	464.99±76.04	495.73±44.72	NS
Glutamic acid	964.95±257.69	1,192.25±259.42	820.91±82.85	724.40±116.04	906.22±76.69	NS
Serine	425.28±118.14	533.13±116.43	380.07±37.34	320.84±56.18	408.48±38.93	NS
Glycine	683.50±178.03^a	739.82±163.84^a	365.30±32.41^b	380.80±53.40^b	415.83±36.82^b	0.004
Alanine	363.22±102.00	443.22±95.35	283.28±26.90	320.95±45.09	295.27±24.69	NS
Cysteine	69.56±15.41^b	98.74±18.51^a	68.78±5.78^b	69.83±8.61^b	69.78±6.15^b	0.048
Proline	469.25±103.30^c	556.06±113.19^bc	647.08±85.44^bc	1,103.52±152.65^a	748.53±83.86^b	<0.001
Total	6,686.61	8,256.22	5,797.70	6,067.84	6,370.71
Essential amino acids	2,701.12 (40.40%)	3,529.24 (42.75%)	2,447.33 (42.21%)	2,333.26 (38.45%)	2,701.31 (42.40%)
Non-essential amino acids	3,985.49 (59.60%)	4,726.98 (57.25%)	3,350.38 (57.79%)	3,734.58 (61.55%)	3,669.41 (57.60%)

All values are presented as mean±SD of triplicate (n=3).
Farm A, Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fed with oak only; Farm B, Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fed with oak and scrub; Farm C, Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fed with commercial feed; Farm D, Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fed with private fermented feed; Farm E, Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fed with by-product from mushroom compost.
Indicates essential amino acids for infants.
Indicates conditional essential amino acid for adult human.
NS, non-significance (p≥0.05).
Means with different superscripts indicate significant difference within a row (p<0.05).