Table 4. Fatty acid profile of white-spotted flower chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis) larvae produced from commercial insect farms in Korea

Fatty acid components (%)		Farm A¹⁾	Farm B	Farm C	Farm D	Farm E	p-value
Myristic acid	C_14:0	0.64±0.03^d	0.70±0.04^cd	0.73±0.03^bc	0.88±0.06^a	0.79±0.05^b	<0.001
Pentadecanoic acid	C_15:0	0.55±0.03^b	0.69±0.03^ab	0.80±0.02^a	0.22±0.19^c	0.21±0.04^c	<0.001
Palmitic acid	C_16:0	14.07±0.35^d	16.42±0.30^b	15.14±0.14^c	16.16±0.54^b	19.46±0.64^a	<0.001
Heptadecanoic acid	C_17:0	0.47±0.03^bc	0.57±0.18^b	0.91±0.03^a	0.29±0.25^bc	0.21±0.18^c	0.002
Stearic acid	C_18:0	2.73±0.02^a	2.26±0.08^b	1.65±0.04^d	1.76±0.02^c	2.73±0.48^a	<0.001
Arachidic acid	C_20:0	0.34±0.30	0.16±0.28	ND²⁾	0.27±0.24	0.60±0.01	NS³⁾
Myristoleic acid	C_14:1	2.52±0.13^a	1.71±0.08^b	1.18±0.04^c	0.25±0.22^e	0.67±0.03^d	<0.001
cis-10-Pentadecanoic acid	C_15:1	0.69±0.02^b	0.81±0.02^b	1.14±0.02^a	0.19±0.17^c	0.29±0.01^c	<0.001
Palmitoleic acid	C_16:1	8.07±0.26^cd	9.40±0.23^bc	10.95±0.25^ab	11.93±0.44^a	6.63±2.32^d	0.001
cis-10-Heptadecanoic acid	C_17:1	0.48±0.01	0.45±0.39	0.31±0.27	ND	0.57±0.02	NS
Oleic acid	C_18:1	58.69±0.52^a	58.71±1.43^a	51.55±0.80^b	51.71±0.91^b	59.48±1.45^a	<0.001
Linoleic acid	C_18:2	7.29±0.05^c	5.38±0.02^d	12.85±0.30^a	12.19±0.21^b	5.70±0.15^d	<0.001
α-Linolenic acid	C_18:3n-3	0.35±0.30^c	0.53±0.46^bc	0.98±0.02^ab	1.05±0.01^a	0.56±0.01^bc	<0.001
cis-11-Eicosenoic acid	C_20:1	ND	ND	ND	0.38±0.32^a	ND	0.034
cis-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid	C_20:3n-3	0.84±0.01^a	0.17±0.30^b	ND	ND	ND	<0.001
cis-13,16-Docosadienoic acid	C_22:2	0.17±0.29	0.18±0.31	0.20±0.35	0.48±0.41	0.54±0.01	NS
cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid+cis-15-tetracosenoic acid	C_22:6+C_24:1	2.10±0.12	1.86±0.21	1.61±0.52	2.25±0.31	1.58±0.09	NS
Saturated fatty acids (SFA)		18.80	20.80	19.23	19.58	24.00
Unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)		81.20	79.20	80.77	80.42	76.00
SFA/UFA		0.23	0.26	0.24	0.24	0.32

All values are presented as mean±SD of triplicate (n=3).
Farm A, Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fed with oak only; Farm B, Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fed with oak and scrub; Farm C, Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fed with commercial feed; Farm D, Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fed with private fermented feed; Farm E, Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fed with by-product from mushroom compost.
ND, not-detected.
NS, non-significance (p≥0.05).
Means with different superscripts indicate significant difference within a row (p<0.05).