Table 3. Summary of articles on the evaluation of bovine milk-derived EVs as carriers

Description References
Confirmation of cellular and intestinal uptake of milk exosomes loaded with curcumin, which is poorly absorbed. (Komine-Aizawa et al., 2020)
By attaching hyaluronan, a CD44-specific ligand, to doxorubicin-loaded milk exosome, it enables specific transport of CD44 overexpressing cancer cells and induces tumor cell death. (Li et al., 2020)
Development of a pH- and light-sensitive drug delivery system based on milk exosomes for highly active anticancer treatment of oral squamous carcinoma. (Zhang et al., 2020)
Ultrasonically loaded bcl-2 siRNA into bovine milk exosomes crossed the cell membrane and inhibited tumor growth. (Tao et al., 2020)
Development of efficient and nontoxic lactoferrin-poly-l-lysine mediated loading method for siRNA into bovine milk exosome (Shandilya et al., 2020)
The therapeutic efficacy of Paclitaxel was significantly increased by loading Paclitaxel, an anticancer drug with low water solubility and strong toxicity, in bovine colostrum-derived exosomes. (Kandimalla et al., 2021a)
Oral administration and confirmation of uptake of bovine milk EVs loaded with locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotides. (Grossen et al., 2021)
Epicatechin gallate-loaded bovine milk exosomes have a neuroprotective role in rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease. (Luo et al., 2021)
Developed efficient oral delivery platform of siRNA by coating hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the surface of bovine milk exosomes and loading siRNA with cationic chemical transfection. (Warren et al., 2021)
Evaluation of uptake in hepatic and intestinal cell lines of milk exosomes loaded with exogenous hsa-miR148a-3p. (del Pozo-Acebo et al., 2021)
EV, extracellular vesicles.