Table 7. Changes in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of Tteokgalbi prepared with different levels of Cissus powder during storage at 4°C for 11 days

Variable	Storage days	Treatments¹⁾
Variable	Storage days	NC	PC	C1	C2	C3
DPPH radical scavenging activity (inhibition %)	1	15.86±5.73^dA	44.34±7.34^bA	34.50±2.44^cAB	58.46±5.01^b	72.94±2.84^a
	5	14.65±0.95^eAB	43.34±4.05^cA	33.13±3.25^dAB	53.03±1.35^b	69.56±2.79^a
	7	13.42±1.75^eAB	43.05±4.90^cA	30.80±0.63^dA	51.04±3.65^b	64.45±2.54^a
	11	11.09±3.41^eB	34.34±2.73^cB	26.19±0.91^dB	46.73±4.17^b	62.31±1.86^a
ABTS radical scavenging activity (inhibition %)	1	22.95±0.33^e	31.63±1.37^c	28.52±1.15^d	33.92±0.76^b	40.18±2.55^a
	5	22.25±6.58^e	31.98±1.33^c	29.50±0.79^d	34.49±0.56^b	39.29±2.18^a
	7	22.24±1.45^d	27.77±2.25^c	28.64±1.52^bc	32.05±2.08^b	36.39±2.21^a
	11	23.09±0.37^d	29.11±2.88^c	28.36±0.30^c	33.49±1.08^b	40.66±2.05^a
FRAP (mM FeSO₄/g)	1	69.79±31.43^aB	475.44±52.41^aB	340.50±10.68^aB	552.92±8.81^aA	875.38±23.08^aA
	5	47.71±12.50^eAB	425.08±66.54^cA	281.92±11.90^dA	534.58±8.92^bA	720.75±12.84^aB
	7	29.25±5.11^eA	414.04±24.48^bAB	234.88±10.05^dC	442.63±3.06^cB	642.56±10.83^aC
	11	20.06±5.24^dB	389.63±24.46^bB	224.33±11.13^cB	404.19±7.73^bC	525.75±9.97^aD

Values are expressed as means±SD (n=3).
NC, Tteokgalbi without Cissus quadrangularis powder (C); PC, Tteokgalbi treated with 0.10% ascorbic acid as a positive reference; C1, Tteokgalbi treated with 1.00% C; C2, Tteokgalbi treated with 2.00% C; C3, Tteokgalbi treated with 4.00% C.
Values with different letters within the same column differ significantly by Tukey’s multiple range test (p<0.05).
Values with different letters within the same row differ significantly by Tukey’s multiple range test (p<0.05).