Table 5. Concentration (mM) of metabolic compounds in longissimus lumborum muscle by cattle breeds

Compound	Cattle breed
Compound	Chikso	BHW	JBC	Hanwoo
Acetate	2.31±0.89^ab	1.75±0.47^ab	1.60±0.73^b	2.39±0.63^a
Alanine	8.22±2.05^ab	8.58±1.38^b	7.87±1.62^b	10.12±1.47^a
Betaine	4.11±1.32^a	3.74±1.25^a	3.16±0.89^ab	2.61±0.40^b
Carnitine	10.68±3.42	11.44±1.74	11.86±2.91	11.58±1.56
Carnosine	39.16±7.22	36.13±5.87	37.51±9.81	43.27±2.27
Choline	1.53±0.70^a	0.98±0.20^b	0.72±0.30^b	1.57±0.38^a
Creatine	92.32±36.91^a	66.08±10.27^b	76.80±14.35^ab	95.60±4.43^a
Creatinine	3.81±0.96^ab	3.48±0.96^b	4.63±1.63^ab	5.25±2.51^a
Ethanolamine	1.96±0.77	1.60±0.21	2.06±0.69	3.38±0.97
Fructose 6-phosphate	8.43±1.46	10.15±3.67	10.17±3.90	ND
Glucose	19.97±7.39	16.88±3.29	16.97±3.96	17.31±5.39
Glucose-6-phosphate	19.62±3.28	19.76±4.87	18.76±3.69	ND
Glutamine	7.58±5.08^b	3.59±0.93^c	4.59±1.89^bc	11.02±2.79^a
Glutathione	1.47±0.68^b	1.17±0.24^b	1.04±0.28^b	2.27±0.33^a
Glycerol	14.01±5.11	10.52±2.25	11.42±3.13	15.09±1.60
Glycine	5.04±1.26^b	4.34±1.13^b	4.29±1.12^b	11.50±6.81^a
Inosine	1.74±0.28^b	1.68±0.28^b	2.06±0.30^b	3.45±0.88^a
Isoleucine	0.99±0.40^ab	0.82±0.26^bc	0.72±0.16^c	1.14±0.12^a
Lactate	275.40±30.40	260.18±36.82	280.63±45.56	282.72±28.95
Leucine	1.80±0.68^b	2.10±0.64^b	1.09±0.40^b	2.51±1.06^a
Malonate	7.77±4.39	8.82±2.35	10.69±5.85	6.18±3.69
Mannose	4.19±2.24	5.17±2.00	5.40±2.55	ND
N,N-Dimethylglycine	0.31±0.12^a	0.22±0.03^b	0.27±0.05^ab	0.33±0.02^a
Niacinamide	0.83±0.37	0.80±0.31	0.87±0.25	ND
O-Acetylcarnitine	4.70±1.29	3.94±0.67	4.56±0.92	3.79±0.44
O-Phosphocholine	1.95±0.64	1.75±0.77	1.60±0.59	2.35±0.45
Phenylalanine	0.73±0.08	0.57±0.16	0.34±0.11	0.91±0.01
Succinate	3.07±1.02	3.35±0.74	3.62±0.66	4.13±0.37
Taurine	7.92±1.75	6.03±1.58	6.60±2.37	ND
Tyrosine	0.71±0.17^b	0.49±0.16^c	0.40±0.18^c	0.89±0.23^a
Valine	1.37±0.39^ab	1.15±0.33^bc	0.97±0.27^c	1.62±0.25^a
Myo-inositol	2.15±0.51	2.04±0.97	1.35±0.56	3.84±0.81

Means in a same row with different superscripts differ significantly (p<0.05).
BHW, black Hanwoo; JBC, Jeju black cattle; ND, not detectable.