Table 1. Volatile compounds identified in cooked beef, pork, and their admixture

Compound name	RT (min)	Calculated LRI	Referenced LRI	(m/z)	Beef	80%B +20%P	60%B +40%P	Pork	Identification method
Aldehydes					Average concentration (μg/kg)
Hexanal	5.44	1,018	1,036	56	89.19±9.19^b	103.24±13.24^ab	124.26±8.49^ab	144.77±10.53^a	Lri, ms
Heptanal	9.82	1,154	1,156	70	44.59±7.99^a	41.24±6.88^a	31.04±8.46^a	11.66±2.64^b	Lri, ms
Octanal	13.83	1,273	1,273	43	97.56±10.74^a	76.47±7.78^a	63.29±8.77^ab	35.35±3.58^b	Lri, ms
Nonanal	17.56	1,384	1,384	57	527.87±79.25^a	464.87±68.83^a	414.84±49.30^a	176.44±16.40^b	Lri, ms
Decanal	21.01	1,491	1,491	57	18.45±4.44^a	15.38±3.70^a	16.10±2.67^a	11.64±2.27^a	Lri, ms
Benzaldehyde	21.78	1,514	1,514	106	97.81±4.94^a	88.33±4.21^ab	78.58±4.53^b	47.93±3.64^c	Lri, ms
2-Nonenal (E)	22.11	1,526	1,526	55	43.77±6.13^a	32.42±8.73^a	24.32±4.00^a	15.79±1.48^a	Lri, ms
2-Decenal (E)	25.71	1,640	1,640	41	61.50±9.15^a	48.18±7.11^ab	40.66±8.29^ab	20.69±4.22^b	Lri, ms
2,4-Nonadienal (E,E)	27.42	1,695	1,695	81	15.29±0.94^a	10.52±1.30^b	4.08±0.10^c	ND	Lri, ms
2-Undecenal	28.64	1,748	1,750	57	62.64±7.87^a	37.65±6.50^a	32.46±6.84^a	19.43±6.14^a	Lri, ms
2,4-Decadienal (E,E)	29.9	1,805	1,805	81	16.94±4.02^a	11.07±3.01^a	10.02±1.17^a	10.15±1.20^a	Lri, ms
Tetradecanal	31.91	1,919	1,919	57	9.87±2.06^a	10.39±1.88^a	13.24±1.95^a	12.68±1.76^a	Lri, ms
Pentadecanal	33.53	2,026	2,024	82	18.80±2.36^ab	21.61±2.52^a	23.62±1.92^a	12.93±2.04^b	Lri, ms
Hexadecanal	34.98	2,134	2,135	57	31.18±2.82^a	32.94±2.73^a	29.44±2.53^a	13.32±3.75^b	Lri, ms
Dodecanal	27.67	1,704	1,704	57	23.35±2.10^a	23.75±0.51^a	13.24±2.49^a	12.61±3.54^a	Lri, ms
Benzeneacetaldehyde	25.81	1,644	1,635	91	18.85±1.30^a	16.89±2.32^a	16.42±1.80^a	19.38±2.38^a	Lri, ms
Alcohols
1-Octen-3-ol	19.54	1,445	1,445	57	38.96±6.37^a	43.20±5.03^a	46.46±1.76^a	54.14±6.71^a	Lri, ms
1-Heptanol	19.67	1,449	1,449	56	55.33±8.79^a	54.02±8.17^a	39.69±4.96^a	ND	Lri, ms
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol	20.80	1,485	1,485	57	77.22±8.92^a	63.02±7.54^ab	52.04±4.99^bc	31.21±3.29^c	Lri, ms
1-Octanol	22.91	1,552	1,552	56	78.15±8.88^a	68.19±6.54^a	56.86±6.69^a	24.33±2.48^b	Lri, ms
2-Octen-1-ol (E)	24.88	1,614	1,613	57	13.80±2.40^a	14.51±2.44^a	14.79±0.25^a	ND	Lri, ms
1-Dodecanol	32.61	1,965	1,964	55	10.63±1.16^a	13.87±2.44^a	10.78±0.28^a	14.68±1.40^a	Lri, ms
2-Phenyl-2-propanol	28.94	1,761	1,759	43	8.70±1.60^a	8.06±1.50^a	5.70±1.38^a	ND	Lri, ms
4-Methyl phenol	34.42	2,091	2,094	60	2.37±0.80^a	2.99±0.07^a	3.29±0.49^a	6.34±1.69^a	Lri, ms
Pyrazines
3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethyl pyrazine	19.13	1,432	1,433	135	18.57±2.05^b	19.29±2.04^ab	19.64±1.90^ab	24.78±1.94^a	Lri, ms
2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine	14.9	1,304	1,306	108	8.14±0.67^a	7.69±0.73^a	7.17±0.64^a	7.54±0.78^a	Lri, ms
2-Ethyl-5-methyl pyrazine	17.35	1,378	1,378	121	6.57±1.56^ab	3.93±0.38^b	4.12±0.72^b	7.56±0.79^a	Lri, ms
2-Acetylpyrrole	32.82	1,977	1,977	94	12.78±0.47^a	12.65±0.51^a	11.48±0.42^a	8.92±0.84^b	Lri, ms
Trimethyl pyrazine	17.71	1,388	1,388	122	62.52±6.32^a	ND	ND	33.61±4.82^b	Lri, ms
2-Methyl 5H-6,7-dihydrocyclopentapy-razine	27.59	1,701	1,703	134	12.28±2.64^a	5.61±1.09^b	4.09±1.23^b	5.42±1.56^b	Lri, ms
Acids
Hexanoic acid	30.73	1,852	1,862	60	68.24±10.32^a	56.69±7.56^a	50.55±9.12^a	33.62±6.46^b	Lri, ms
Heptanoic acid	32.50	1,958	1,950	60	15.47±2.67^a	12.54±1.93^a	12.04±2.40^a	11.77±1.02^a	Lri, ms
Octanoic acid	34.04	2,063	2,063	60	78.04±9.56^a	57.59±7.95^ab	49.59±4.32^b	23.03±2.18^c	Lri, ms
Nonanoic acid	35.43	2,171	2,171	60	65.75±8.91^a	47.12±4.37^b	41.40±2.17^b	32.67±3.21^b	Lri, ms
Decanoic acid	36.72	2,277	2,287	60	22.07±7.98^b	58.32±8.56^a	44.94±6.01^a	20.56±3.09^b	Lri, ms
Hydrocarbons
2-Pentyl furan	11.70	1,210	1,210	81	16.47±5.60^a	16.50±3.87^a	15.78±2.13^a	15.61±2.20^a	Lri, ms
1,3-Di-tert-butylbenzene	18.69	1,418	1,420	175	21.88±3.11^a	16.09±4.88^a	15.80±3.06^a	15.86±1.54^a	Lri, ms
Dodecane	10.58	1,177	-	57	25.48±0.40^a	18.02±1.94^b	12.72±1.13^bc	9.14±1.56^c	Lri, ms, std
Tridecane	14.41	1,290	1,300	57	5.07±0.89^a	1.85±0.32^b	4.52±1.19^a	3.25±1.02^a	Lri, ms, std
Tetradecane	17.91	1,394	1,400	57	33.71±3.78^a	30.93±4.32^a	27.37±5.19^a	13.11±2.54^b	Lri, ms, std
Pentadecane	21.22	1,498	1,500	57	10.77±1.76^a	4.97±1.07^b	7.40±2.31^b	6.44±1.45^b	Lri, ms, std
Heptadecane	27.53	1,699	1,700	67	11.72±2.81^a	ND	15.65±3.42^a	12.95±3.76^a	Lri, ms, std
Azulene	28.32	1,733	1,736	128	15.03±2.84^a	ND	ND	ND	Lri, ms
Miscellaneous
1-Formylpyrrolidine	15.27	1,315	-	43	23.31±4.61^b	17.12±3.08^b	19.39±2.89^b	36.14±5.60^a	ms
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate	20.57	1,480	1,494	139	16.47±2.38^a	15.21±3.14^a	15.13±1.60^a	19.37±4.25^a	Lri, ms

Identification method: LRI, linear retention index compared with previous literature, PubChem, and NIST Chemistry WebBook; ms, mass spectrum, and mass quality comparison using NIST libraries; std, same retention time with the standard compound.
m/z: target ion used for quantification.
Data are presented as mean±SE.
Means with a different letter within a row are significantly different (p<0.05, Duncan test).
ND, not detected.