| Fused deposition modeling (FDM) | This strategy is used to make a framework using thermoplastic biomaterials. | Lee and Choi (2024) |
| Stereolithography (SLA) | SLA is a cost-effective approach that assists in the fast manufacturing of prototypes. | Kafle et al. (2021) |
| Selective laser sintering | This 3D printing strategy fuses or binds small charged materials together by using powerful lasers which create a solid arrangement. | Han et al. (2022) |
| Biomimetic scaffolds | This approach presents a novel strategy for 3-dimensional cell culture approaches that could be utilized in tissue engineering. | Badekila et al. (2021) |
| Cultured fat | Fats which are cultured in the lab using adipose tissues | Liu et al. (2023) |
| Soft bioreactors | The bioreactor can refine the rate of production | Dvorak et al. (2024) |
| Serum-free media | Such media contains a nutritional formulation that needs cells for their progress and is free of any animal-based serum. | Zhang et al. (2024) |