Table 1. Cases of producing cultured meat using various growth factors and various cell types

Growth factors	Cells	Topics	References
rAlbumin	Small satellite cells	Establishing an effective protocol for establishing bovine satellite cells by adding recombinant albumin instead of serum	Stout et al. (2022)
Insulin-like growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor	Fish embryonic stem cells	Development of serum-free media reduces global warming potential, production costs, and optimizes cell growth rates	Nikkhah et al. (2023)
Chlorella vulgaris extract	Bovine myoblasts	Establish a sustainable culture system free of animal serum and grain-derived nutrients	Yamanaka et al. (2023)
C. vulgaris extract	Bovine myoblasts	Identifying the potential of C. vulgaris to establish an environmentally friendly cultured meat production process	Okamoto et al. (2022)
Fermented soybean meal, edible insect hydrolysate	Porcine muscle stem cells	Determine proliferation and differentiation capacity and potential as a fetal human serum substitute	Kim et al. (2023a)
Rapeseed protein isolate	Small satellite cells	Produce media with rapeseed protein isolate to replace albumin, serum to reduce media costs	Stout et al. (2023)
Insect hydrolysate, marine invertebrate, hydrolysates	Fish embryonic stem cells	Evaluating the potential of black soldier flies, crickets, oysters, mussels, and midges as serum substitutes for aquaculture fish production	Batish et al. (2022)
C-Phycocyanin	C2C12	Evaluate the efficiency of mass production with C-phycocyanin to optimize production processes and costs	Park et al. (2021b)
Egg whites, eggshell membrane, poultry residue, pea hydrolysate, porcine plasma, fibroblast growth factor	Mammalian cells	Environmental impact assessment of fetal bovine serum media versus serum replacement media	Wali et al. (2024)
Fibroblast growth factor 2	Small satellite cells	Identify signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation to develop serum-free media that stimulate satellite cell growth	Yu et al. (2023)
Egg white extract	Chick satellite cells	Develop an efficient egg white extract preparation protocol to replace fetal human serum	Lee et al. (2024b)
Lupin, peas, rapeseed, birds, yeast	Fish satellite cells	Validated the feasibility of supporting mackerel satellite cell growth in media with reduced production costs using agricultural waste and low-cost raw materials	Lim et al. (2024)
Chlorococcum littorale	C2C12	Develop a sustainable circulating cell culture system that nourishes cells and allows waste media to be recycled	Haraguchi et al. (2022)
Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa	Fish muscle cells	Evaluating the potential of A. pyrenoidosa to promote cell proliferation and mass production in goldfish	Dong et al. (2023)
Fermented Okara	C2C12 Pig immortalized myoblasts	Identifying Okara’s potential as a serum substitute	Teng et al. (2023)
Anabaena sp. PCC 7120	C2C12 QM7	Evaluation of the potential of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 extract as an inhibitor of cell proliferation and growth in medium supplemented with algae extract	Ghosh et al. (2023)